Unearthing Retro Games Ireland: Your Ultimate Guide to Collecting

Unearthing Retro Games Ireland: Your Ultimate Guide to Collecting

Are you feeling that irresistible pull of nostalgia? The familiar chime of a Super Mario coin, the pixelated wonder of an arcade classic, or the groundbreaking graphics of an early PlayStation 2 title? You're not alone. The world of retro gaming is thriving in Ireland, with a passionate community dedicated to preserving and enjoying the classics that shaped generations of gamers.

This comprehensive guide is your ultimate roadmap to navigating the exciting landscape of retro games Ireland. Whether you're a seasoned collector looking for that elusive cartridge, a newcomer eager to dive into the golden age of gaming, or someone simply curious about where to find quality used consoles and games, you've come to the right place. We'll walk you through everything from identifying your retro passions and scouting the best hunting grounds to assessing condition, maintaining your collection, and even where to sell or trade in game consoles Dublin and across Ireland.

At Playloot.ie, we understand the enduring appeal of quality gaming, whether it's a cherished classic or a modern marvel. While we specialise in rigorously tested pre-owned modern consoles and accessories, our expertise in the used gaming market makes us the perfect resource to help you embark on your retro adventure with confidence and knowledge. Get ready to rediscover the magic of gaming's past!

What You'll Need

  • A passion for classic gaming and a sense of adventure
  • A realistic budget for your collection
  • Patience and an eye for detail
  • An understanding of what "retro" means to you (e.g., 8-bit, 16-bit, N64/PS1, PS2/Xbox/GameCube era)
  • Basic cleaning supplies (for acquired items)
  • Internet access for research and online marketplaces

Step 1: Define Your Retro Niche and Budget

Before you begin your quest for retro games Ireland, it's crucial to define what "retro" means to you and set a realistic budget. The world of retro gaming is vast, spanning decades of innovation and countless iconic titles. Trying to collect everything can be overwhelming and expensive. Narrowing your focus will make your collecting journey more enjoyable and manageable.

Consider which era of gaming holds the most nostalgia or appeal for you. Are you drawn to the pixel art of the 8-bit NES and Sega Master System? The vibrant sprites of the 16-bit SNES and Sega Mega Drive? Perhaps the groundbreaking 3D worlds of the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation 1? Or even the early 2000s classics on PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube, which are quickly entering the "modern retro" category? Your personal preference will dictate the types of consoles, games, and accessories you'll be looking for.

Equally important is establishing a budget. Retro gaming can range from incredibly affordable finds to highly sought-after, rare collector's items that command premium prices. Knowing your financial limits will help you make smart purchasing decisions and avoid overspending. Remember that condition, rarity, and completeness (e.g., game, manual, box โ€“ known as CIB, "complete in box") significantly impact pricing. Researching average prices for your target items on sites like PriceCharting or eBay's sold listings can give you a good starting point.

  • Identify Your Preferred Era:
    • 8-bit (NES, Master System, Atari 2600)
    • 16-bit (SNES, Mega Drive, PC Engine)
    • 32/64-bit (N64, PS1, Sega Saturn)
    • 6th Generation (PS2, Xbox, GameCube, Dreamcast)
    • Early 7th Generation (Xbox 360, PS3, Wii โ€“ increasingly considered "modern retro")
  • Choose Your Systems: Focus on 1-3 consoles initially to build a solid collection.
  • Set a Realistic Budget: Determine how much you're willing to spend per item and overall for your collection.
  • Research Pricing: Use online resources to understand the market value of desired games and consoles in various conditions.
  • Prioritise Your Wants: Make a "grail list" of must-have items, but also consider more common, affordable classics to start.
Tip: Don't feel pressured to buy the most expensive or rarest games first. Many iconic and highly enjoyable retro titles are still very affordable and offer hundreds of hours of fun. Start with what you love and expand from there.

Step 2: Where to Hunt for Retro Games and Consoles in Ireland

The thrill of the hunt is a significant part of retro gaming. Ireland offers a variety of avenues for finding those elusive titles and classic consoles. From bustling online marketplaces to hidden gems in physical stores, knowing where to look is key to building your retro games Ireland collection. While many of these spots are perfect for true retro finds, remember that for more modern pre-owned consoles and accessories with guarantees, trusted online retailers like Playloot.ie are your go-to.

For truly vintage items, local sources often yield the best treasures. Car boot sales, charity shops, and independent game stores can surprise you with unexpected finds. Online, dedicated retro forums and local classifieds can connect you directly with other collectors. And when it comes to quality-tested, reliable used consoles and gaming accessories, Playloot.ie provides a secure and convenient option, ensuring you get a great deal on items like a wireless pro controller or even a used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland.

  • Online Marketplaces & Communities:
    • DoneDeal & Adverts.ie: These Irish classified sites are goldmines for local sellers. Use specific search terms like "NES games Ireland," "Sega Mega Drive," or "PS2 console." Be prepared to meet sellers locally.
    • eBay Ireland: While often more competitive, eBay offers a wider selection, including international sellers. Filter by "Ireland only" for local deals.
    • Facebook Marketplace & Gaming Groups: Search for "retro gaming Ireland" or console-specific groups. These communities are excellent for finding items, getting advice, and connecting with fellow enthusiasts.
    • Playloot.ie: While our primary focus is on modern pre-owned consoles like the PlayStation 5 Slim Digital or a used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland, we are a trusted source for quality used gaming gear. Keep an eye on our listings for potential "modern retro" items or accessories that complement any setup, like a wireless gaming headset or an Xbox wireless controller. We are experts in quality-tested second-hand tech.
  • Physical Stores & Locations:
    • Independent Game Shops: Many smaller, local game stores often have a dedicated retro section or can point you to local collectors.
    • Charity Shops (Thrift Stores): Barnardos, NCBI, Oxfam, and local charity shops occasionally have incredible finds for very little money. Patience is key here.
    • Pawn Shops: While less common for truly old retro, some pawn shops might have older consoles or games that have been traded in.
    • Car Boot Sales & Flea Markets: These are arguably the best places for unexpected retro treasures at bargain prices. Arrive early for the best selection!
    • Specialist Events/Conventions: Keep an eye out for gaming conventions or retro game fairs in Ireland (e.g., Dublin Games Festival, various comic conventions often have retro vendors).
Warning: When purchasing from private sellers online or at car boot sales, always exercise caution. Arrange to meet in a public place, and ideally, inspect the item thoroughly before committing to a purchase. Never feel pressured to buy something you're unsure about.

Step 3: Assessing Condition and Authenticity

Once you've found a potential gem, inspecting its condition and verifying its authenticity is paramount. A good deal can quickly turn sour if the game or console is damaged, non-functional, or, worse, a counterfeit. This step is crucial for any retro games Ireland collector, ensuring your investment is sound and your gaming experience is authentic.

For physical media, look for scratches on discs, tears on labels, and signs of water damage or excessive wear on cartridges. For consoles, check ports, buttons, and the overall casing. Does it power on? Do cartridges or discs load? While Playloot.ie rigorously tests all its used consoles and accessories, providing you with a 1-month guarantee, when dealing with private retro sales, you are often on your own. Learn to spot the red flags.

  • For Games (Cartridges):
    • Label Condition: Check for tears, fading, peeling, or water damage. A pristine label usually indicates good care.
    • Cartridge Casing: Look for cracks, deep scratches, or discoloration. Ensure screws are present and not tampered with.
    • Pins/Contacts: Inspect the gold connector pins on the bottom of the cartridge. They should be clean, bright, and free of corrosion. Green or black gunk indicates potential issues.
    • Weight & Feel: Fakes can sometimes feel lighter or flimsier than authentic cartridges.
    • Internal Board (if possible): If buying from a trusted source who allows it, open the cartridge to verify the motherboard matches authentic images online.
  • For Games (Discs):
    • Surface Scratches: Hold the disc up to a light. Minor scuffs are usually okay, but deep, circular scratches (the "disc rot" pattern) or numerous scratches could cause reading errors.
    • Disc Rot: Look for discolouration or dark spots that appear to be inside the disc itself, not just on the surface. This is a sign of disc degradation.
    • Label Side: Check for peeling, tears, or pinholes, especially on older CD-based games.
  • For Consoles:
    • Physical Condition: Inspect for cracks, heavy scratches, significant yellowing (especially on older white plastics), or missing parts (port covers, feet).
    • Ports: Check all ports (controller, AV, power) for bent pins, corrosion, or debris.
    • Buttons/Joysticks: Test if buttons stick or if joysticks drift (though this might require powering it on).
    • Power On Test: Always ask to see the console power on if possible. Does it display an image? Does the disc drive work?
    • Modifications: Be aware of non-original modifications. While some mods are desirable (e.g., region-free chips), others might be poorly installed and cause issues.
Tip: Carry a small flashlight to inspect discs and cartridge pins. For authenticity checks, have some reference photos of genuine items saved on your phone. If a deal seems too good to be true, it often is. When buying modern pre-owned consoles like a PlayStation 5 Disc Edition or a Nintendo Switch OLED, always opt for a reputable seller like Playloot.ie, where items undergo a multi-point quality testing process.

Step 4: Negotiating and Making the Purchase

Once you've identified your desired retro item and assessed its condition, it's time to make the purchase. Negotiating can be a part of the process, especially with private sellers or at markets, and ensuring a safe transaction is paramount. This step helps you secure your retro games Ireland finds effectively and safely.

When dealing with private sellers, a polite offer slightly below the asking price is often acceptable, especially if paying with cash. Be prepared for a counter-offer. For online purchases from reputable sites, prices are usually fixed, but you benefit from consumer protections. Playloot.ie, for example, offers free delivery across Ireland on orders over โ‚ฌ99 and a 1-month guarantee, providing peace of mind that private sales rarely match.

  • Research Market Value: Before negotiating, have a solid understanding of the item's current market value in its specific condition. This empowers your offer.
  • Be Polite & Respectful: Always approach negotiations with a friendly and respectful attitude. A genuine interest in the item goes a long way.
  • Start with a Reasonable Offer: Don't lowball excessively; it can be seen as disrespectful and end the negotiation. A starting offer of 10-20% below the asking price is a common tactic for private sales.
  • Highlight Flaws (Gently): If you noticed minor cosmetic flaws during inspection, you can gently bring them up as a reason for your offer, but don't nitpick.
  • Be Prepared to Walk Away: Don't get emotionally attached to an item. If the seller isn't budging on price and it's outside your budget or perceived value, be ready to move on. There will always be another opportunity.
  • Cash vs. Digital Payments: For face-to-face private sales, cash is often preferred and can sometimes secure a better deal. For online transactions with private sellers, use secure platforms that offer buyer protection if possible.
  • Safe Meeting Practices: If meeting a seller in person, always choose a public, well-lit location. Bring a friend if possible. Test the item on the spot if feasible.
  • Trusted Retailers: For modern used consoles and accessories, opt for businesses like Playloot.ie. Our process is straightforward: browse, add to cart, pay securely, and enjoy fast, free delivery.
Tip: Build rapport with sellers, especially in local independent shops or at car boot sales. Regular customers sometimes get first dibs on new stock or better prices. For specific items like a RGB mechanical keyboard or a wireless gaming headset, or a used Xbox controller Ireland, checking a trusted site like Playloot.ie ensures you get a quality-tested item with a guarantee, avoiding the haggling and uncertainty of private sales.

Step 5: Cleaning, Repairing, and Maintaining Your Retro Collection

Acquiring retro games Ireland is just the first step; bringing them back to their former glory and ensuring their longevity is equally important. Many older items will come with years of dust, grime, and sometimes minor issues. A little TLC can make a huge difference in performance and appearance, preserving your treasures for years to come.

Basic cleaning is often all that's needed, but sometimes minor repairs are required. Always approach repairs with caution and research, especially if you're not experienced. For more complex issues, consider professional repair services. Regular maintenance, including proper storage, will prevent future damage and keep your collection pristine. Remember that while Playloot.ie ensures all its pre-owned items are cleaned and fully functional, retro finds from other sources might need significant attention.

  • Basic Cleaning Supplies:
    • Isopropyl alcohol (90%+): Excellent for cleaning cartridge pins and plastic surfaces.
    • Cotton swabs/Q-tips: For precise cleaning of contacts and small areas.
    • Microfiber cloths: For wiping down consoles and screens without scratching.
    • Soft-bristled brush: For dusting vents and hard-to-reach crevices.
    • Compressed air: To blow dust out of console vents and ports.
  • Cleaning Cartridges:
    • Dip a cotton swab in isopropyl alcohol and gently rub the gold connector pins until no more grime comes off. Repeat with fresh swabs until clean.
    • Wipe down the plastic casing with a lightly dampened microfiber cloth (with alcohol or water) and dry thoroughly.
  • Cleaning Discs:
    • Wipe gently from the center outwards with a soft, clean, damp microfiber cloth. Avoid circular motions which can create more scratches.
    • For stubborn grime, use a small amount of mild soap and water, then rinse thoroughly and dry.
    • Consider a disc resurfacing service for heavily scratched discs (use with caution, as it removes a thin layer of plastic).
  • Cleaning Consoles:
    • Dust exterior surfaces and vents with a soft brush and compressed air.
    • Wipe down plastic casings with a microfiber cloth and a mild cleaner or isopropyl alcohol.
    • Carefully clean ports with cotton swabs and alcohol if needed, ensuring no liquid enters the system.
  • Minor Repairs:
    • Cartridge Battery Replacement: Many older cartridge games (especially SNES, NES) use coin cell batteries to save game data. These often need replacing. This requires soldering skills and specific tools.
    • Controller Stick Drift/Button Issues: Can sometimes be fixed by cleaning contacts or replacing worn-out components. Look for online tutorials specific to your controller.
    • Capacitor Replacement: For older consoles, bulging or leaking capacitors can cause various issues. This is an advanced repair requiring soldering.
  • Proper Storage:
    • Store games and consoles in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and humidity.
    • Keep games upright on shelves, especially disc-based games to prevent warping.
    • Consider plastic protectors for boxed games to prevent wear and tear.
Warning: Always unplug consoles from power before cleaning or attempting any repairs. If you're unsure about a repair, seek professional help rather than risking permanent damage. Many retro gaming enthusiasts in online forums can offer advice or point you to local repair services.

Step 6: Setting Up and Playing Your Retro Games

The moment of truth! After the hunt, assessment, and cleaning, it's time to connect your retro console and relive those cherished gaming memories. Setting up older consoles with modern televisions can sometimes present challenges, but with the right approach and a few key accessories, you'll be gaming in no time. This step ensures your retro games Ireland collection is fully functional and ready for action.

Older consoles were designed for CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) televisions and often used analog composite or RGB signals. Modern flat-screen TVs, primarily designed for digital HDMI signals, can sometimes struggle to display these older signals correctly, leading to blurry images or input lag. However, several solutions exist to bridge this technological gap, ranging from simple adapters to advanced upscalers.

  • Connecting to Modern TVs (Analog Signals):
    • Composite (Yellow/White/Red RCA): The most common connection for older consoles (NES, SNES, N64, PS1, PS2, Xbox, GameCube). Most modern TVs still have these inputs, but the image quality is often soft.
    • S-Video: Offers a slightly sharper image than composite. Available on some consoles (N64, PS1, PS2, Saturn, Genesis with adapter) and some older flat-screen TVs.
    • Component (Red/Green/Blue + Red/White RCA): The best analog connection, offering near-RGB quality. Available for PS2, Xbox, GameCube, Wii. Many modern TVs still have these inputs.
    • SCART (RGB): Prevalent in Europe, RGB SCART offers the best possible picture quality for many retro consoles. You'll need RGB SCART cables for your specific console and a TV with a compatible SCART input, or an adapter to convert it to HDMI.
  • Upscalers and Converters:
    • Composite/S-Video to HDMI Converters: Inexpensive and widely available, these convert analog signals to HDMI. Quality can vary; don't expect miracles, but they get the job done.
    • OSSC (Open Source Scan Converter) / RetroTINK: These are high-quality, low-latency devices designed specifically for retro gaming. They take analog signals (Component, SCART RGB) and upscale them to HDMI, providing a crisp, vibrant, and near pixel-perfect image on modern displays. These are an investment but are highly recommended for serious collectors.
  • Modern Controller Solutions (for some consoles):
    • For some popular retro consoles, you can find adapters that allow you to use modern wireless controllers (like a wireless pro controller or an Xbox wireless controller) with them. This is particularly useful if original controllers are hard to find or worn out.
  • Consider a CRT TV: For the most authentic retro experience, nothing beats a CRT television. They naturally display retro game resolutions perfectly, eliminating input lag and providing the intended visual fidelity. Many can be found for free or very cheap online or at car boot sales.
Tip: If you're serious about the best possible picture quality for your retro games Ireland, invest in good quality cables (shielded, not cheap knock-offs) and consider a dedicated retro upscaler like an OSSC or RetroTINK. The difference in clarity and vibrancy on a modern TV is often astonishing.

Step 7: Connecting with the Irish Retro Gaming Community

Part of the joy of collecting retro games Ireland is sharing your passion with others. The retro gaming community in Ireland is vibrant and welcoming, offering opportunities to swap stories, get advice, discover new finds, and even trade items. Engaging with fellow enthusiasts can significantly enrich your collecting experience and open doors to items you might not find elsewhere.

From online forums to local meetups, there are numerous ways to connect. These communities are invaluable resources for troubleshooting, pricing information, authenticity checks, and simply celebrating the games we love. Playloot.ie itself, as a hub for quality pre-owned gaming, aims to foster a strong gaming community in Ireland, and we encourage you to connect with like-minded gamers.

  • Online Forums & Social Media Groups:
    • Facebook Groups: Search for "Irish Retro Gamers," "Retro Gaming Ireland," or groups specific to certain consoles (e.g., "Nintendo Ireland Collectors"). These are active places for discussion, buying/selling, and meetups.
    • Reddit: Subreddits like r/retrogaming or specific console subreddits often have Irish members.
    • Discord Servers: Many gaming communities run Discord servers where real-time chat and discussion happen.
  • Local Meetups & Events:
    • Gaming Conventions: Keep an eye on events like Dublin Games Festival, Eirtakon, or smaller local comic conventions. These often have retro gaming sections, vendors, and opportunities to meet collectors.
    • Retro Gaming Nights: Some pubs, cafes, or community centers occasionally host retro gaming nights. Check local event listings.
    • Local Game Stores: Independent game shops are often community hubs. Ask staff if they know of local groups or events.
  • YouTube & Streaming:
    • Follow Irish retro gaming YouTubers or Twitch streamers. They often engage with their local audience and can be a source of information about local events.
Tip: When joining online groups, introduce yourself, share your current collection or interests, and be respectful. The community is generally very helpful and supportive. You might even find leads for that โ‚ฌ1 test item or a rare Nintendo Switch Lite from another collector.

Step 8: Selling or Trading Your Retro Gear

As your retro gaming collection grows, you might find yourself with duplicates, items you no longer play, or a desire to upgrade. Selling or trading your existing retro gear is a great way to free up space, recover some investment, or acquire new pieces for your collection. This step outlines your options for moving on from unwanted retro games Ireland, including how to leverage trusted platforms.

For modern used consoles and gaming accessories, Playloot.ie offers a straightforward and reliable service. If you're looking to sell items like an Xbox wireless controller, a used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland, or even a PlayStation 5 Disc Edition, we provide fast payments via bank transfer or Revolut and a hassle-free process. While our direct buy-back program focuses on modern pre-owned items, the principles of selling and valuing apply across the board, and you might consider upgrading to a quality-tested item from our shop using funds from your retro sales.

  • Online Marketplaces:
    • DoneDeal & Adverts.ie: Excellent for selling locally. Take good photos, write clear descriptions, and be transparent about condition.
    • eBay Ireland: Reach a wider audience, but be aware of selling fees and shipping costs.
    • Facebook Marketplace & Retro Gaming Groups: Good for direct sales to other collectors.
  • Dedicated Buy & Sell Platforms:
  • Local Game Stores & Pawn Shops: Some independent game stores might buy retro items, though often at a lower price than you'd get selling privately. Pawn shops are usually a last resort due to low offers.
  • Gaming Events & Fairs: If you have enough items, consider setting up a stall at a local gaming event.
  • Pricing Your Items:
    • Research recent sold listings on eBay or PriceCharting to get an accurate idea of value based on condition and completeness.
    • Be realistic. What you paid for an item might not be its current market value.
Tip: Always be honest about the condition of your items when selling. Take clear, well-lit photos showing any imperfections. Good communication and transparency build trust and lead to smoother transactions. For the most reliable and efficient way to sell your used gaming gear in Ireland, consider Playloot.ie โ€“ we provide a trusted service with fast payments and a commitment to quality.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Retro Gaming

The journey into retro games Ireland collecting is incredibly rewarding, but it's also easy to fall into common traps. Being aware of these pitfalls can save you money, time, and frustration, ensuring your experience remains positive and your collection thrives.

  • Overpaying for Items: Impulse buys without researching market value can lead to significant overspending. Always compare prices before committing.
  • Ignoring Condition: Neglecting to thoroughly inspect items for damage, wear, or functionality can result in acquiring non-working or aesthetically unpleasing additions to your collection.
  • Buying Fakes/Bootlegs: Especially with rare games or popular consoles, counterfeits exist. Learn to identify them to avoid wasting money on inauthentic items.
  • Poor Storage Practices: Storing games and consoles in damp, hot, or dusty environments can lead to irreversible damage (e.g., disc rot, yellowing plastic, corrosion).
  • Getting Caught Up in Hype: Don't feel pressured to buy every "hot" retro item. Focus on games and consoles you genuinely want to play and collect.
  • Not Testing Before Buying: If possible, always try to test consoles and games before purchasing, especially from private sellers, to confirm they are fully functional.
  • Neglecting Cleaning and Maintenance: Failing to clean new acquisitions or perform basic maintenance can shorten their lifespan and diminish their playability.
  • Ignoring Regional Compatibility: Be aware of PAL (Europe), NTSC (North America/Japan), and NTSC-J (Japan) differences. Games and consoles from different regions might not work together without modification.

FAQ

Where is the best place to buy used consoles in Ireland?

For guaranteed quality and peace of mind when buying used consoles Ireland, Playloot.ie is your top choice. We specialise in quality-tested, pre-owned consoles like the PlayStation 5 Slim Digital and used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland, offering a 1-month guarantee and free delivery on orders over โ‚ฌ99. For older, truly retro consoles, local independent game shops, charity shops, and online marketplaces like DoneDeal and Adverts.ie are excellent hunting grounds, though they come without the same guarantees.

Can I find used Xbox games Ireland and used PlayStation games Ireland easily?

Absolutely! The market for used Xbox games Ireland and used PlayStation games Ireland is quite active. For modern titles, check Playloot.ie's extensive shop, where you'll find a wide selection of quality-tested games. For older, retro generations, online marketplaces, car boot sales, and charity shops are your best bet. Always check the condition of discs and cartridges before purchasing.

Is it safe to buy a used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland online?

Buying a used Nintendo Switch OLED Ireland online can be very safe if you choose a reputable seller. Playloot.ie is an excellent option, as every console undergoes a rigorous multi-point quality testing process and comes with a 1-month guarantee for refunds or replacements. This ensures you're getting a fully functional device. If buying from private sellers, always ask for detailed photos, proof of functionality, and consider buyer protection options offered by payment platforms.

Where can I find an Xbox controller Ireland used or other Nintendo Switch accessories Ireland?

For an Xbox controller Ireland used or a variety of Nintendo Switch accessories Ireland, Playloot.ie offers a fantastic selection of quality-tested pre-owned items. We stock everything from wireless pro controllers to wireless gaming headsets. For older, classic controllers or specific retro accessories, your best bet will be the online classifieds like DoneDeal and Adverts.ie, or physical spots like car boot sales and charity shops.

Can I trade in game consoles Dublin or elsewhere in Ireland?

Yes, you can! If you're looking to trade in game consoles Dublin or sell your used gaming gear from anywhere in Ireland, Playloot.ie offers a fast, convenient, and reliable service. We buy modern pre-owned consoles, controllers, and accessories, providing quick payments via bank transfer or Revolut. It's a hassle-free way to upgrade your setup or get cash for your unwanted items, backed by an award-winning Irish business.

Next Steps

With this guide, you're now equipped to embark on your exciting journey into retro games Ireland. Whether you're hunting down an obscure classic or simply want to revisit old favourites, remember that the key is patience, research, and a love for the game. For all your modern pre-owned gaming needs, from consoles like a refurbished Xbox One console Ireland to quality nintendo switch accessories Ireland, visit Playloot.ie. We're here to ensure your gaming experience, new or retro, is always top-tier.